ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: The actual prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can only be estimated by population-based serological examinations and individuals without clinical symptoms may not be identified or reported. In this sero-epidemiological study we aimed at exploring the serum prevalence of COVID-19 in highly exposed occupational groups in western Iran. Materials and methods: A total of 1106 people with jobs with a high potential for exposure to COVID-19 (excluding doctors) were selected in Sanandaj, Kermanshah, and Hamedan. Demographic information of all participants were recorded and venous blood samples (3 ml) were taken. IgG levels were measured to determine the serum prevalence of immunoglobulin using EUROIMMUN kit.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the perceived stigma among residents of Sanandaj, west of Iran, following COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April 2020. The sample consisted of 1,000 participants who live in Sanandaj. The data collection tool was a self-report electronic questionnaire. ANOVA and T-test were used to analyze the data. Findings: The mean perceived stigma for COVID-19 was 5.50±2.24 (IQR: 3.75–6.87) out of 10-point scale. The highest point was seen for perceived external stigma (6.73±2.49, IQR: 5–8.75) followed by disclosure stigma (4.95±3.92, IQR: 0–10). Interestingly, self-employers were more concerned about disclosing their illness than those with governmental jobs (25±3.93 vs. 4.31±4.14, P<0.05), and also had an overall higher stigma score;5.72±2.23 vs. 5.19±2.37, P<0.05). Originality/value: COVID-19 stigma is high among Iranians and more common among men, youngsters and self-employers. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.